Luxating Patella in Chihuahuas: Symptoms, Treatment, Surgery & Home Care

Veterinarian reviewed by Dr. Paula Simons

If you’ve ever seen your Chihuahua suddenly hop along on three legs for a few steps before acting like nothing happened, you’re not alone. That funny little “skip” is one of the most common signs of a luxating patella, a condition that affects many small dogs—especially Chihuahuas.

The first time you see it, it can be alarming. You may think your dog has injured a leg, only to watch them run across the room a few seconds later as if nothing ever happened.

In many cases, that’s exactly how a luxating patella behaves.

The good news is that while this condition can sound scary, many Chihuahuas live long, active, happy lives with proper care. Some dogs only experience occasional mild symptoms, while others benefit from surgery to keep them comfortable.

Let’s take a closer look at what a luxating patella is, what causes it, and what you can do if your Chihuahua has been diagnosed with one.

What Is a Luxating Patella?

A luxating patella is the medical term for a kneecap that slips out of its normal position.

The patella (kneecap) normally sits inside a small groove at the end of the thigh bone (femur). As your Chihuahua walks, runs, or jumps, the kneecap glides smoothly up and down within that groove.

With a luxating patella, the kneecap slips out of the groove instead of staying in place. It may slide to the inside or outside of the knee before popping back where it belongs.

Some dogs only experience this occasionally, while others have kneecaps that remain out of place much of the time.

Why Are Chihuahuas So Prone to Luxating Patellas?

Unfortunately, Chihuahuas are one of the breeds most commonly affected by this condition.

In most cases, it’s inherited rather than caused by an injury. Many affected dogs are simply born with knee joints that don’t fit together quite as they should.

Factors that can contribute include:

• A groove that’s too shallow to hold the kneecap securely
• Loose ligaments around the knee
• Slightly abnormal leg alignment
• Tiny body size combined with delicate joints
• Genetics

Extra body weight can also make symptoms worse because it places additional stress on already unstable knees.

That doesn’t mean every Chihuahua will develop a luxating patella, but it does explain why veterinarians diagnose the condition so often in toy breeds.

The Classic “Chihuahua Skip”

One of the most recognizable signs is what many owners call the Chihuahua skip.

Your dog may:

• Suddenly lift one back leg
• Hop on three legs for several steps
• Stop briefly
• Stretch the leg backward
• Then continue walking normally

What’s happening?

When the kneecap slips out of place, your Chihuahua instinctively holds the leg up because moving it feels uncomfortable. As the leg extends, the kneecap often slides back into its normal position.

Once that happens, your dog acts as though nothing ever happened.

This can happen several times a day—or only once every few weeks.

Many owners assume their Chihuahua has pulled a muscle because the limp disappears so quickly. That’s one reason it’s important to mention these episodes to your veterinarian, even if they don’t last long.

What Causes a Luxating Patella?

Although trauma can occasionally cause a luxating patella, inherited anatomy is responsible for most cases in Chihuahuas.

Common causes include:

Genetics

This is by far the biggest factor. Responsible breeders work to avoid breeding dogs with orthopedic problems, but luxating patellas can still occur.

Abnormal Bone Development

Some dogs are born with slight differences in how their leg bones develop. These changes can prevent the kneecap from tracking properly.

A Shallow Femoral Groove

The kneecap sits inside a groove on the thigh bone. If that groove isn’t deep enough, it’s much easier for the kneecap to slide out.

Trauma

Although less common, falls, accidents, or injuries can damage the knee and lead to a luxating patella.

Excess Weight

Being overweight doesn’t usually cause the condition, but it can increase stress on the joints and make symptoms more severe.

Signs and Symptoms of a Luxating Patella

Every Chihuahua is different.

Some dogs show almost no symptoms, while others become increasingly uncomfortable as the condition progresses.

Watch for:

• Skipping while walking
• Sudden hopping on three legs
• Holding one rear leg up
• Stretching a hind leg behind them
• Intermittent limping
• Difficulty jumping onto furniture
• Trouble climbing stairs
• Stiffness after resting
• Reluctance to exercise
• Bunny hopping while running
• Muscle loss in one hind leg over time
• Arthritis as they get older

As the condition becomes more severe, the kneecap may stay out of place longer and become increasingly painful.

The Four Grades of Luxating Patella

Veterinarians classify luxating patellas into four grades based on how easily the kneecap moves and how often it stays out of place.

Grade 1

The kneecap stays in its normal position most of the time and only slips out when manipulated during a veterinary exam.

Many dogs have few or no symptoms.

Grade 2

The kneecap pops out occasionally during normal activity but usually slides back into place on its own.

This is the stage where many owners notice the classic Chihuahua skip.

Grade 3

The kneecap is out of place much of the time but can still be manually moved back into position.

Dogs often have a noticeable limp and may begin developing arthritis.

Grade 4

The kneecap remains permanently out of place and cannot be returned to its normal position manually.

These dogs often have significant mobility problems and usually require surgery to improve comfort and function.

How Is a Luxating Patella Diagnosed?

Your veterinarian can often diagnose a luxating patella during a physical examination.

They’ll gently manipulate the knee to determine whether the kneecap slips out of its groove and how easily it returns.

Depending on your dog’s symptoms, your veterinarian may also recommend:

• Watching your Chihuahua walk
• Checking for pain or swelling
• X-rays to evaluate the knee joint
• Looking for arthritis
• Checking for other orthopedic injuries, such as a torn cruciate ligament

In more complicated cases, your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary orthopedic surgeon for additional evaluation.

Treating a Luxating Patella

Treatment depends on several factors, including your Chihuahua’s age, activity level, pain level, and the grade of the luxating patella.

Fortunately, not every dog needs surgery.

Mild Cases

Many Chihuahuas with Grade 1 or mild Grade 2 luxating patellas do well with conservative management.

Treatment may include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Regular, low-impact exercise
• Prescription pain or anti-inflammatory medications when needed
• Physical rehabilitation exercises
• Monitoring for worsening symptoms

Many owners also ask about joint supplements.

While research on supplements varies, some veterinarians recommend products containing glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fatty acids, or green-lipped mussel as part of an overall joint health plan. Talk with your veterinarian about whether they’re appropriate for your dog.

When Is Surgery Needed?

Not every Chihuahua with a luxating patella needs surgery. Many dogs with mild cases live happy, active lives with careful management.

However, surgery may be recommended if your Chihuahua:

• Has frequent or persistent limping
• Appears to be in pain
• Has difficulty walking or running
• Has a Grade 3 or Grade 4 luxating patella
• Has arthritis that is getting worse
• Stops enjoying normal activities
• Has repeated kneecap dislocations that affect their quality of life

Your veterinarian or a veterinary orthopedic surgeon will discuss the best option based on your dog’s age, overall health, activity level, and severity of the condition.

What Happens During Luxating Patella Surgery?

There isn’t just one type of surgery for a luxating patella. The procedure is customized to correct the problems causing the kneecap to slip out of place.

Depending on your Chihuahua’s knee, the surgeon may:

• Deepen the groove where the kneecap sits
• Move the tendon attachment so the kneecap tracks correctly
• Tighten tissues on one side of the knee
• Loosen tissues that are pulling the kneecap out of alignment
• Correct bone alignment in severe cases

The goal is to keep the kneecap in its proper position so your Chihuahua can walk comfortably again.

While surgery sounds intimidating, it has a high success rate when performed by an experienced veterinarian or veterinary orthopedic surgeon.

Recovery After Surgery

Recovery doesn’t happen overnight, but most dogs improve significantly with time and proper care.

For the first several weeks, your Chihuahua will likely need:

• Plenty of rest
• Short leash walks only
• No jumping on furniture
• No running or rough play
• Pain medication as prescribed
• Follow-up veterinary visits

Some veterinarians also recommend physical rehabilitation exercises to help rebuild muscle strength and improve flexibility.

Complete recovery may take anywhere from two to four months, depending on the procedure and your dog’s overall health.

Although it can be challenging to keep an energetic Chihuahua quiet, following your veterinarian’s instructions gives your dog the best chance for a successful outcome.

How to Help a Chihuahua With a Luxating Patella at Home

Whether your dog has surgery or is managing a mild case without it, there are several things you can do at home to help protect their knees.

Keep Your Chihuahua at a Healthy Weight

Even a few extra pounds place additional stress on the knee joints.

Maintaining a healthy body weight is one of the best things you can do to slow the progression of joint disease and improve your dog’s comfort.

Use Pet Ramps or Stairs

Repeatedly jumping off beds and couches creates extra impact on the joints.

Pet stairs or ramps can help reduce that stress while still allowing your Chihuahua to enjoy their favorite spots.

Provide Non-Slip Flooring

Hardwood, tile, and laminate floors can be slippery.

Adding area rugs or non-slip runners helps your Chihuahua maintain better footing and reduces the risk of falls.

Encourage Regular Exercise

It may seem surprising, but gentle exercise actually helps many dogs with joint problems.

Short walks help maintain muscle strength, which provides better support for the knee.

Avoid intense activities that involve lots of twisting, jumping, or sudden stops.

Keep Nails Trimmed

Long nails change the way a dog stands and walks, which can place extra strain on the joints.

Regular nail trims help your Chihuahua maintain better balance and posture.

Follow Your Veterinarian’s Recommendations

Every dog is different.

Some Chihuahuas do well with conservative treatment for years, while others eventually need surgery.

Regular checkups allow your veterinarian to monitor changes and adjust your dog’s treatment plan if needed.

Can Luxating Patellas Be Prevented?

Because most luxating patellas are inherited, there’s no guaranteed way to prevent them.

However, you can reduce your Chihuahua’s risk of developing more severe symptoms by:

• Keeping them at a healthy weight
• Providing regular, low-impact exercise
• Preventing excessive jumping from high furniture
• Using ramps or stairs when possible
• Feeding a balanced diet
• Scheduling regular veterinary checkups

If you’re purchasing a Chihuahua puppy, ask the breeder whether their breeding dogs have been screened for orthopedic problems. Responsible breeders work to reduce the risk of passing inherited conditions to future generations.

When Should You Call the Vet Right Away?

While occasional skipping may not be an emergency, some symptoms should be evaluated as soon as possible.

Contact your veterinarian promptly if your Chihuahua:

• Cannot put any weight on a leg
• Cries out in pain repeatedly
• Has significant swelling around the knee
• Keeps the leg tucked up for an extended period
• Suddenly becomes much less active
• Experiences symptoms after a fall or accident
• Seems to be in severe pain

These signs could indicate a more serious injury or another orthopedic problem that requires immediate treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Can a Chihuahua live with a luxating patella?

Yes. Many Chihuahuas with mild luxating patellas live normal, happy lives with weight management, regular veterinary care, and activity modifications. More severe cases may require surgery to keep them comfortable.

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Does every Chihuahua with a luxating patella need surgery?

No. Dogs with mild cases often do well without surgery. Your veterinarian will recommend surgery only if the condition is causing significant pain, mobility problems, or repeated dislocations.

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Can a luxating patella heal on its own?

Unfortunately, no. Because it’s usually caused by the way the knee is formed, it won’t correct itself. However, many dogs can successfully manage the condition without surgery.

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Is walking good for a dog with a luxating patella?

Yes, in most cases. Gentle, regular walks help maintain muscle strength, which supports the knee joint. Avoid strenuous exercise or activities involving repeated jumping unless your veterinarian says they’re appropriate.

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Can both knees be affected?

Yes. Many Chihuahuas eventually develop luxating patellas in both back legs, although one knee is often worse than the other.

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Is a luxating patella painful?

It can be. Some dogs only experience occasional discomfort when the kneecap slips out of place, while others develop chronic pain from arthritis or repeated dislocations.

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How much does luxating patella surgery cost?

Costs vary depending on where you live, the severity of the condition, and whether a board-certified orthopedic surgeon performs the procedure. Your veterinarian can provide an estimate based on your Chihuahua’s specific needs.

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Final Thoughts

Hearing that your Chihuahua has a luxating patella can be worrying, especially if you’ve never heard of the condition before. Fortunately, it’s one of the most common orthopedic problems seen in small dogs, and veterinarians have a great deal of experience treating it.

Over the years, members of the I Love My Chi community have shared many stories about dogs living with luxating patellas. Some only skip occasionally and never need surgery, while others have surgery and go on to enjoy active, happy lives. Every Chihuahua’s journey is a little different.

The most important thing is to work closely with your veterinarian, keep your dog at a healthy weight, and pay attention to changes in their mobility. Early treatment and good home care can make a tremendous difference in your Chihuahua’s comfort and quality of life.

With the right care, there’s every reason to believe your little companion can continue enjoying walks, playtime, cuddles, and all the things that make Chihuahuas such wonderful members of the family.

Click to find about other chihuahua health problems.

References:

American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS). Patellar Luxation. Retrieved on February 20, 2016 from: https://www.acvs.org/small-animal/patellar-luxations

Hettlich, B. (2014). Patellar Luxation. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA